November 17, 2025

Blood Tests for Mental Health: What They Reveal About Mood, Anxiety, and Brain Function

Learn how blood tests support mental-health diagnosis by identifying biological causes of depression, anxiety, and more.

Created By:
Emma Macmanus, BS
Created Date:
November 17, 2025
Reviewed By:
Ryan Sultan, MD
Reviewed On Date:
November 17, 2025
Estimated Read Time
3
minutes.

Key Takeaways

  • Blood tests cannot diagnose mental illness directly but can identify biological contributors like thyroid issues, vitamin deficiencies, and inflammation.
  • They help differentiate medical vs. psychiatric causes of symptoms such as fatigue, anxiety, and poor concentration.
  • Essential tests include thyroid panel, Vitamin D, B12/folate, ferritin, hormones, inflammation markers, and metabolic labs.
  • Blood tests are especially important for conditions like depression, anxiety, ADHD, OCD, eating disorders, and psychosis.
  • Integrative Psych in NYC and Miami uses lab testing to create personalized, evidence-based treatment plans.

Blood Tests for Mental Health: What They Reveal and How They Support Diagnosis & Treatment

Introduction: Can Blood Tests Really Tell Us About Mental Health?

The idea that a simple blood draw could help diagnose or manage mental-health conditions might sound futuristic — but modern psychiatry is increasingly using blood biomarkers to better understand brain chemistry, hormonal balance, nutrient deficiencies, inflammation, and metabolic conditions that influence mood and cognition.

Blood tests do not diagnose mental illness, but they are essential for:

  • ruling out medical conditions that mimic psychiatric symptoms

  • identifying biological contributors to depression, anxiety, ADHD, and psychosis

  • guiding medication choice and monitoring side effects

  • evaluating nutritional and hormonal imbalances

  • improving personalized mental-health treatment

In short: blood tests help clinicians understand the whole-body influences on the mind.

Why Blood Tests Matter in Mental Health Care

Mental health is inseparable from physical health. Numerous medical conditions — thyroid abnormalities, anemia, vitamin deficiencies, infections, inflammation, and hormonal dysfunction — produce symptoms that look identical to psychiatric disorders.

Common physical symptoms that mirror psychiatric ones:

  • fatigue → looks like depression

  • rapid heart rate → feels like anxiety

  • poor focus → resembles ADHD

  • agitation → overlaps with bipolar disorder

  • weight loss → resembles eating disorders

  • confusion or disorientation → resembles psychosis

Without blood testing, the root cause may be missed.

Key Blood Tests Used in Mental-Health Evaluation

1. Thyroid Function Tests (TSH, Free T3, Free T4)

Thyroid disorders are among the most common medical causes of psychiatric symptoms.

  • Hypothyroidism → depression, fatigue, brain fog

  • Hyperthyroidism → anxiety, irritability, insomnia, panic attacks

Thyroid testing is mandatory when evaluating depression or anxiety.

2. Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with:

  • depression

  • anxiety

  • low energy

  • poor immunity

Up to 40% of U.S. adults have low Vitamin D.

3. Vitamin B12 and Folate (B9)

These nutrients are essential for neurotransmitter function.

Low B12 can cause:

  • depression

  • cognitive decline

  • psychosis-like symptoms

  • irritability

  • fatigue

Folate deficiencies also impair mood regulation.

4. Iron Studies (Ferritin, Iron, TIBC)

Iron deficiency anemia can mimic:

  • ADHD

  • anxiety

  • depression

  • poor concentration

  • restless legs (which disrupt sleep)

Particularly relevant for adolescents, menstruating women, and individuals with eating disorders.

5. Inflammatory Markers (CRP, ESR, cytokines)

Chronic inflammation is increasingly linked to:

  • treatment-resistant depression

  • brain fog

  • schizophrenia symptom severity

  • fatigue and low motivation

Inflammation may also help predict response to antidepressants.

6. Hormonal Panels

Hormone imbalance can profoundly impact mood:

Testosterone (in all genders)

Low levels → depression, low libido, irritability, fatigue.

Cortisol

Elevated cortisol indicates chronic stress or burnout.

Estrogen / Progesterone

Fluctuations impact mood, especially in:

  • PMDD

  • postpartum depression

  • perimenopause

7. Hemoglobin A1C and Glucose

Blood sugar instability causes:

  • irritability

  • anxiety

  • brain fog

  • mood swings

Individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder taking antipsychotics must monitor A1C due to metabolic side effects.

8. Lipid Panel

Cholesterol levels influence brain health — the brain is 60% fat.

Low cholesterol has been linked to:

  • impulsivity

  • aggression

  • mood dysregulation

Meanwhile, antipsychotics often raise cholesterol.

9. Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium)

Imbalances cause:

  • confusion

  • panic-like symptoms

  • muscle weakness

  • irritability

  • arrhythmias

Magnesium deficiency is especially associated with anxiety.

10. Pregnancy Test (when appropriate)

Important before prescribing antidepressants or antipsychotics.

11. Substance Screening

Identifies substances that can mimic psychiatric symptoms, including:

  • stimulants

  • cannabis

  • alcohol

  • benzodiazepines

  • opioids

Substance-induced psychosis or anxiety is a critical differential diagnosis.

Blood Tests for Specific Mental-Health Conditions

Depression

Useful tests include:

  • thyroid panel

  • Vitamin D

  • B12/folate

  • inflammatory markers

  • testosterone

Physical contributors often worsen depressive symptoms.

Anxiety Disorders

Lab evaluation may reveal:

  • hyperthyroidism

  • B12 deficiency

  • low magnesium

  • hypoglycemia

  • anemia

These conditions can produce physical sensations identical to panic attacks.

ADHD

Blood tests do not diagnose ADHD, but identify similar-appearing causes:

  • anemia

  • thyroid dysfunction

  • low ferritin

  • lead levels (in children)

ADHD patients on stimulants may need metabolic and cardiovascular monitoring.

OCD

Inflammation and immune markers may be relevant in rare cases of PANDAS/PANS in children.

Schizophrenia & Psychosis

Blood tests help:

  • rule out infections (HIV, syphilis)

  • evaluate metabolic side effects of antipsychotics

  • check for thyroid and autoimmune encephalitis triggers

BPD (Borderline Personality Disorder)

Bloodwork identifies contributors to emotional instability (e.g., thyroid issues, anemia).

Eating Disorders

Essential labs include:

  • electrolytes (risk of cardiac complications)

  • phosphate (refeeding syndrome risk)

  • glucose

  • Vitamin D

  • iron/ferritin

  • hormone levels

Can Blood Tests Diagnose Mental Illness Directly?

Not yet.

While promising research exists (e.g., inflammatory markers in depression, cortisol changes, genetic tests), no blood test can diagnose depression, anxiety, ADHD, or bipolar disorder by itself.

Blood tests support diagnosis but do not replace comprehensive evaluation. 

New Research: The Future of Blood Tests in Psychiatry

Emerging biomarkers include:

  • inflammatory cytokine profiles

  • serotonin transporter gene variations

  • oxidative stress markers

  • metabolomic signatures

  • ketamine-response predictors

This research may lead to more personalized, precision psychiatry in the next decade.

About Integrative Psych in Chelsea, NYC and Miami

At Integrative Psych, our clinicians use a whole-person, evidence-based approach to mental health. Blood tests help us understand biological contributors to mood, cognition, anxiety, and behavior, ensuring that treatment is accurate, personalized, and medically safe.

We provide:

  • Psychiatric evaluations

  • Medication management

  • Psychotherapy (CBT, DBT, ACT, psychodynamic approaches)

  • Integrated care for depression, anxiety, ADHD, OCD, BPD, eating disorders, and psychosis

  • Collaborative lab testing and medical review

  • Locations in Chelsea (NYC) and Miami, plus telehealth

If you’re struggling with symptoms and unsure why, our team can help uncover both medical and psychological factors to guide your healing.

👉 Learn more or schedule an appointment at Integrative Psych NYC & Miami.

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